Aspartame-the artificial sweetener

Aspartame is the name for an artificial, non-saccharide sweetener. It is the methyl ester of a phenylalanine/aspartic acid dipeptide with a molecular weight C14H18N2O5.This sweetener is marketed under a number of trademark names, including Equal, NutraSweet, and Canderel, and is an ingredient of over 6,000 consumer foods and beverages sold worldwide, including diet sodas and other soft drinks.

At high temperatures, aspartame often breaks down and loses much of its sweetness. Aspartame is also one of the main sugar substitutes used by people with diabetes. Under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions, aspartame generates methanol by hydrolysis. Under more severe conditions, the peptide bonds are also hydrolyzed, resulting in the free amino acids. When dissolved in water, the stability of the compound greatly depends of the pH of the medium and it is reported to be most stable at pH 4.3.

Indian markets are flooded with a product called “Sugar Free – Gold”, manufactured by Acme Remedies and marketed by a Gujarat-based company, Zydus Wellness Limited. Hundred grams of the product costs 90 Rupees and the claim is 100 gm of the product is equivalent to 1 kg of sugar. The product is backed by a very strong marketing strategy through advertisements and common man, mainly with diabetic complaints started using the product to make all kinds of sweets involving high temperatures. The ingredients as printed on the bottle are: dextrose, maltodextrin and Aspartame. The energy content of 0.5 gm of the product is 1.99 kCal.

The artificial sweetener Aspartame has been the subject of controversy since its initial approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1974. The decomposition products of aspartame such as methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid are not easily eliminated from the body. These are reported to be carcinogens and health effects of long-term usage of the product are still not known. There are hundreds of research reports and technical documents describing various health effects due to the consumption of the product since its discovery in 1965.

Under such doubtful circumstances, and in view of the controversies about the health effects, is it worth using the product to sweeten the food items by the healthy young adults, and sick individuals in countries like India? Better die of diabetes than die of the slow chemical poisoning. Health-conscious young adults should go for natural sweeteners and burn the calories by work-outs and exercises.